Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of John of Gaunt, founder of the House of Lancaster and son of King Edward III. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509.
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